Everything You Need to Know about Export of Live Animals from the US

February 10, 2025
7 min
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Home Insight Everything You Need to Know about Export of Live Animals from the US
Written by
Atlantic Project Cargo Editorial Team

Key Takeaways

 

  • Proper transport methods and health considerations play a critical role in ensuring the welfare of exported livestock
  • Exporting live animals requires compliance with strict regulations, health certificates, and logistics planning
  • The U.S. exported $1.12 billion worth of live animals in 2023, with Canada and Mexico being the top destinations
  • The European Union is one of the leaders in the global export of horses, sheep, and bovine animals

The global trade of live animals plays a significant role in agriculture, food production, and breeding industries. Understanding live export from the US helps businesses make better decisions that benefit their operations and the economy. This article explores general recommendations on how to ship live animals to other countries, regulations, and statistics on livestock exports from the US.

Atlantic Project Cargo will help you with live exporting and importing. We provide reliable and safe livestock delivery following all regulations and laws.

Livestock Logistics

Live animal transport is a complex process that requires careful planning to ensure the safety and well-being of the animals throughout their journey. Let’s explore livestock logistics, covering transport methods, associated costs, and the differences between domestic and international animal shipping.

Transport Methods

The mode of transportation for live animals — by land, sea, or air — dictates the specific requirements for their safe delivery.

  • Land
    Primarily involves trucks with specialized trailers designed to provide adequate ventilation and space. Proper loading techniques are essential to minimize stress and prevent injuries. Ensuring appropriate stocking densities and trailer ventilation can minimize transportation stress, commonly referred to as “shipping fever”
  • Sea
    Utilizes special animal ships — livestock carriers, which are open-pen or closed-pen vessels. In open-pen carriers animals are kept on the deck, exposed to sea winds, while in closed-pen carriers animals are transported below deck, protected from the weather, but requiring ventilation and monitoring to prevent disease outbreaks
  • Air
    Governed by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Live Animals Regulations, air transport requires species-specific containers that ensure safety and comfort. Key considerations include container construction, size, ventilation, and proper labeling. For example, containers must be designed to prevent accidental opening and provide adequate ventilation
Poultry being transported in the trailer

Live Animal Shipping Costs and Key Expenses

The expenses associated with shipping live animals vary based on several factors:

  • Type and size of the animal
    Larger animals like cattle demand higher costs due to the space and resources required
  • Distance and mode of transport
    Longer distances and faster modes, such as air transport, significantly increase costs. Air freight is often the most expensive, followed by sea freight, and then land transport
  • Regulatory compliance
    Meeting international and national regulations can add to expenses. For example, in the United States, the Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) imposes fees for services like quarantine, facility use, and permit processing
  • Additional services
    Costs for veterinary care, insurance, and specialized handling contribute to the overall expense

Domestic vs. International Transport

Moving animals domestically differs from international exportation in several key aspects:

  • Regulations
    Domestic transport is subject to national laws, which may be less strict than international regulations. International transport must comply with multiple countries’ laws, including import/export permits and health certifications
  • Logistics
    International transport often involves multiple modes of transportation and longer durations, increasing the complexity of logistics
  • Health risks
    Long-distance transport can elevate the risk of disease among animals. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes live animal transport as “ideally suited for spreading disease,” given that animals can belong to different herds or flocks and stay together for a long time in a poorly ventilated stressful environment

Requirements for Livestock Export from the US

The documents you need for live exporting depend on the destination, animal species, purpose of export, and mode of transport (air, sea, or land).

To check specific requirements, visit the International Regulations (IRegs) for Animal Exports website, select your destination from the drop-down menu, and find the necessary health certificates for your animal.

A licensed veterinarian in your state must complete and sign all required health documents. In most cases, they must also be accredited by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) unless stated otherwise on the APHIS website. Inform your veterinarian early about your plans, as their role is essential in meeting the live export requirements.

Additionally, you should contact your transport carrier to find out if they have any extra documentation requirements.

At Atlantic Project Cargo you do not need to worry about paperwork. We provide comprehensive services, including consultations, collection of all necessary documents, and constant support throughout the transportation process.

Contact your local APHIS endorsement office if you can not complete the required testing, treatment, or paperwork. They may suggest alternative solutions. However, if the destination country has strict rules, they might not allow your animal to be exported.

The export timeline varies by country and can take a few weeks to several months. Some countries require quarantine or isolation periods before entry, adding weeks or even months to the process.

Horse being transported in the trailer

APHIS Health Certificate

If your animals meet the destination country’s requirements, your veterinarian will issue a health certificate, which APHIS must then endorse.

Contact your veterinarian to ensure you get the correct, properly completed export health certificate. If they are unsure about which certificate to use, they should contact the local APHIS Veterinary Export Trade Services Endorsement Office.

Important Reminder: Providing false information on a health certificate is a serious offense. Anyone who submits or knowingly uses a fraudulent document may face fines up to $10,000, imprisonment for up to 5 years, or both (18 U.S.C. 1001).

Remember that each country has its entry requirements for animals from the US. Some countries require a specific health certificate they have developed. You can find the rules on the International Regulations (IRegs) website. Since health requirements can change at any time, always check the latest regulations on IRegs before exporting your animal.

The final step is a federal endorsement, where APHIS Veterinary Services officials verify that your animal meets the destination country’s requirements. Many countries require this endorsement before departure.

Steps to get your health certificate endorsed:

 

Submit supporting documents

  • An APHIS Veterinary Export Trade Services Endorsement Office reviews all documents related to the health certificate.
  • Include original laboratory test results. If originals aren’t available, the lab can send them directly to the endorsement office.

Choose a submission method

  • Via regular mail or overnight service. Do not forget to include a check or money order for processing fees, payable to “USDA”, and a pre-addressed, prepaid return envelope for overnight mail.
  • Schedule an appointment with your local APHIS endorsement office for an in-person submission.

Pay the endorsement fee

Fees vary depending on the number of animals and required tests. This table lists user fees for endorsing export certificates.

Live Animal Export Trends

Let’s look at the statistics of the US livestock exports and the top countries and animals they export.

The US Live Animals Exports in 2023

This data provides export value and countries where the US transported livestock to.

Total Export Value
$1.12 billion
3-Year Average
$1.16 billion
Compound Average Growth
2% (2014-2023)
Top 10 live animal export markets 2014-2023 diagram
Market
Canada
Mexico
European Union
Japan
Indonesia
China
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
Philippines
Thailand
Total Value (USD)
$518.13 million
$137.53 million
$70.42 million
$45.8 million
$34.23 million
$31.29 million
$30.1 million
$25.92 million
$23.96 million
$21.78 million

The Top 5 Exporters of Live Horses, Sheep, and Bovine Animals in 2023

The following countries made the largest exports of horses in the world:

  1. European Union: $845,215.31K 
  2. Hong Kong, China: $692,140.87K
  3. Netherlands: $318,257.90K
  4. Germany: $255,475.49K
  5. Ireland: $119,958.90K

The top 5 exporters of sheep in the world were:

  1. European Union: $478,129.24K
  2. Romania: $308,637.41K
  3. Spain: $210,315.72K
  4. Jordan: $158,786.56K
  5. Portugal: $95,626.90K

The top 5 exporters of live bovine animals were:

  1. France: $1,637,003.46K
  2. Canada: $1,329,528.74K
  3. European Union: $973,049.96K 
  4. Australia: $526,747.89K
  5. Brazil: $487,884.65K

Colombia-Panama Live Animal Exports

According to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade, Panama’s exports of livestock to Colombia were $6 thousand in 2021.

Colombia-Panama live animal exports diagram

Conclusion

Live animal export is a crucial component of international trade, with the US and several other nations actively participating in this growing sector. As global demand for livestock fluctuates, exporters must stay informed about trade policies, health regulations, and market trends.